Thirumalapuram cave shrines veludharan.blogspot.com |
There are many rock-cut temples across the state of Tamil Nadu, the famous being Mahabalipuram temple complex near Chennai and the rock-cut temples of Tiruchirappalli fort complex. The Thirumalapuram cave shrines of Tirunelveli district are not as popular as those at the above places, primarily due to lack of publicity by the tourism department.
7th CE cave temple, Pandyan Dynasty, Thirumalapuram cave shrines favtourism.blogspot.com |
Located on a hillock in Thirumalapuram (also known as Varunachimalai) there are two shrines excavated during the seventh and eighth centuries CE (by the Pandya rulers) which have identical façades, located on the northern and southern sides of the hillock. The northern cave is almost complete with an entrance porch or Maha mandapa followed by a rectangular pillared ardha mandapa and a sanctum or garbhagriha, excavated into the lateral wall instead of back wall of the cave. It has a stone linga dedicated to Shiva. The shrine can be reached through a flight of steps It has bas-relief sculptures and two inscriptions from the Pandyan period.
The southern cave is left incomplete for unknown reasons. The shrines highlight the growing or evolving architectural design styles in the region during the medieval period. About 24 km from Tenkasi town and 62 km from Tirunelveli city, the Thirumalapuram Rock-Cut Cave Temples are in Sankarankovil Taluk of the Tirunelveli district. It being a famous heritage site, the rock-cut shrines are being under the care of ASI - the Archaeological Survey of India,
Pandhya rock cut temple. 7th/8th CE..quora.com |
The common features of a Hindu temple architecture are found here such as stone sculptures of dwarapalakas, guarding the entrance to the sanctum as in the 8th CE temples, a Nandi facing the shrine where the linga is consecrated. The pillars in the façades show strong influence of the shrines of the Pallava court. Lotus medallions in the cubical portion of the pillar shafts and in the pilasters that frame the reliefs on the inner walls, decoration of scroll ornaments underside of the bracket capitals are notable features. There are many carved stone images in relief panels such as Ganesha and Trimurti. In the case of the latter four-armed Vishnu flanked by ganas, a dancing Shiva and Brahma are well carved. Pallava temple sculptures commonly include trinity gods.They form part of the 3 bas-relief structures. The first one is a beautiful dancing Siva (in the posture of Chatura) with a bhootha gana and bull on both sides. A dwarf near his foot plays the musical instrument. The second carving is Lord Vishnu with 4 hands in standing posture and 2 seated bhootha ganas on either sides. Seated Ganesha is seen next to him. The sanctum where Siva Linga is enshrined has sentinels - dwarapalakas on either side of the entrance The relief sculpture of Brahma has 4 hands and 3 visible heads. On the center of the hall, facing the Siva Linga is a monolith Nandi which is damaged. The sculptures carry the features of Pandya kingdom. Chakravartin Srivallabhadeva, a Pandya prince donated the land to the temple as per the 12th CE inscription.
http://www.cpreecenvis.nic.in/Database/ThirumalapuramRockCutTemples_2946.aspx